Redpanda

Same Producers append records to topics; consumers read them in order.
Kafka broker is Java process, with as extra moving parts.
Redpanda is C++ binary where these moving parts are not present

Kafka vs Redpanda

Kafka (Java) Redpanda (C++ Seaster)
Written in Java C++. C++ is faster wrt Java
- No GC Pauses, Latency more predictable
Latency More. JVM + ZooKeeper/KRaft + Broker are seperate binaries Everything in 1 C++ binary
clients, topics, consumer group Same as kafka
Partition Handling Complex handling on shards Each CPU Core owns a shard of partitions
No shared locks, no thread-pool hops for the hot path
Maintenance Effort Big team required. Broker,Zookeeper, GC heap tuning. Small team can handle. 1 binary.
Use case Huge Infra. already-tuned Kafka small team, fewer nodes